| 1588 English defeat the Spanish Armada 1611 Authorized English Bible published 1613 Romanov dynasty begins in Russia 1618 Beginning of 30 Years War 1628 English curtail King's powers  | 1538 Cortes conquers Mexico  1547 Ivan the Terrible rules Russia 1558 Elizabeth I is England's queen 1580 Drake completes voyage around world 1582 New Gregorian calendar introduced  | 1492 Columbus discovers West Indies 1498 Vasco da Gama sails to India 1503 Leonard da Vinci paints Mona Lisa 1512 Michelangelo paints Sistine Chapel 1534 Henry VIII controls English church  | 
![]()  | ![]()  |  Sir-Alexander Stewart b.1497 of Garlies, Scotland. d.  | ||||||
![]()  |  Sir-Alexander Stewart b.1546 of Garlies d.1596  | |||||||
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|  Sir-Alexander Stewart b.1580 1st. Earl of Galloway d.1649  | ![]()  | |||||||
![]()  | ![]()  |  Sir-James Douglas b.1548 d.  | ||||||
![]()  |  Christian Douglas b.1564 d.  | |||||||
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