| 1618 Beginning of 30 Years War 1628 English curtail King's powers 1640 Portugal gains independence/Spain 1642 Civil war England/Scotland/Ireland 1660 Restoration of monarchy, Britain  | 1580 Drake completes voyage around world 1582 New Gregorian calendar introduced 1588 English defeat the Spanish Armada 1611 Authorized English Bible published 1613 Romanov dynasty begins in Russia  | 1512 Michelangelo paints Sistine Chapel 1534 Henry VIII controls English church 1538 Cortes conquers Mexico 1547 Ivan the Terrible rules Russia 1558 Elizabeth I is England's queen  | 
![]()  |  Robert Sackville b.1561 London, Mddsx. d.1609 Dorset House, Mddsx.  | |||||||
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![]()  | ![]()  |  Henry Howard b.1517 Earl of Surrey. KG d.1547  | ||||||
![]()  | ![]()  |  Thomas Howard b.1537 Corby Castle, Norfolk. d.1572 Tower Hill, London  |  Lady-Frances de Vere b.1517 d.1577  | |||||
![]()  |  Margaret Howard b.1561 Saffron Walden, Essex. d.1591 Knole House, Kent.  | ![]()  |  Sir-Thomas Audley b. 1st and last Baron Audle d.  | |||||
![]()  | ![]()  |  Hon-Margaret Audley b.1545 d.1563  |  Elizabeth Grey b. d.  | |||||
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