| 1613 Romanov dynasty begins in Russia 1618 Beginning of 30 Years War 1628 English curtail King's powers 1640 Portugal gains independence/Spain 1642 Civil war England/Scotland/Ireland  | 1558 Elizabeth I is England's queen 1580 Drake completes voyage around world 1582 New Gregorian calendar introduced 1588 English defeat the Spanish Armada 1611 Authorized English Bible published  | 1503 Leonard da Vinci paints Mona Lisa 1512 Michelangelo paints Sistine Chapel 1534 Henry VIII controls English church 1538 Cortes conquers Mexico 1547 Ivan the Terrible rules Russia  | 
![]()  | ![]()  | ![]()  |  Walter Rawleigh b.1501 Fardell, Devon, England. d.  | |||||
![]()  | ![]()  |  Sir-Walter Raleigh b.1552 Hay, Woodbury Common. d.1618 Behead, Tower of London.  |  Catherine Champernon b.1505 Modbury, England. d.  | |||||
![]()  |  Carew Raleigh b.1606 London. d.  | ![]()  |  Nicholas Throckmorton b.1515 Paulerspury, England. d.1570 London, England.  | |||||
![]()  | ![]()  |  Elizabeth Throckmorton b.1565 d.1647  |  Anne Carew b. d.  | |||||
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![]()  |  Phillipa Weston b.1607 d.  | |||||||
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